Arts & Crafts
The structural aesthetics and the interior design of a Dzong (fortress) epitomize the traditional arts and crafts of Bhutan. The exquisite woodwork on the wooden pillars providing structural integrity and the extensive display of murals along the interior walls and a meticulously sculpted statue often gilded in gold sits in the inner sanctum. All fortresses have an extensive collection of sacred text that showcase an amazing art of calligraphy preserved for centuries. The architectural design and its aesthetics of these Fortresses and other religious sites were mostly instructed by Buddhist saints supposedly religion inspired. Subsequent construction by political leaders replicated the essential aesthetics thus preserving the unique features. Thirteen arts and crafts were recognized and institutionalized. National Institute of Zorig Chusum (13 arts and crafts) offer courses to specialize in these arts and crafts. The institute preserves and promotes these indigenous arts and crafts of Bhutan.
Culture & Religion
Bhutan’s proximity to Tibet and the existence of ancient route between India and Tibet through Bhutan may have encouraged many Buddhist saints from Tibet to travel through modern day Bhutan spreading Buddhism. Historical accounts however like to narrate that many of those visits were prophesied and the great saints obliged to fulfill their calling. Buddhism spread across the valley and its foundation was reinforced with the construction of many Buddhist temples and monasteries. The practice of Buddhism gave birth to social behaviors that were passed on for generations which consequently evolved into a culture. Hence Bhutanese culture and Buddhism can be perceived as intertwined and is greatly revered by locals.
Environment
The constitution of Bhutan mandates a minimum of 60% forest covers at all times. Today its environment conservation effort has surpassed this mandate. Bhutan currently has 71% of the total land area under forest cover, majority of which has been identified and protected as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Due to its wide range of altitudinal and climatic condition, Bhutan is gifted with a rich ecology and is considered one of the biodiversity hotspots thus numerous endangered species seek refuge in this last Shangri la.
Festivals
Beyond entertainment, Bhutanese festivals serve as important social and cultural events. They provide an opportunity for communities to come together, strengthen social bonds, and transmit cultural heritage to younger generations. Through these vibrant celebrations, Bhutan preserves its rich traditions and fosters a deep sense of national identity.
Gross National Happiness
Gross National Happiness (GNH) is a holistic philosophy that guides Bhutan’s development, prioritizing the well-being and happiness of its people over economic growth alone. This unique approach, pioneered by the fourth King of Bhutan, emphasizes a balanced development that considers environmental conservation, cultural preservation, good governance, and equitable socio-economic development, ensuring that progress is measured not just by GDP but also by the happiness and well-being of its citizens.
